ABSTRACT
The present study proposes a green extraction approach for the recovery of lycopene from tomato fruits. Different hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents (HNADESs) based on terpenes (i.e., menthol and thymol) and fatty acids (i.e., decanoic acid and dodecanoic acid) were prepared at different molar ratios, characterised in terms of density, rheological properties, and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and were examined for their effectiveness to extract lycopene from tomato. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimise the extraction parameters, namely duration (min) and solvent:solid ratio (v/w). Spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC-DAD were used in order to monitor the process efficiency. The combination of decanoic acid and dodecanoic acid was found to exhibit comparable extraction capacity to acetone. Taking into account that the HNADESs used in the present study are considered green, biodegradable and of low cost, the obtained carotenoid rich extracts are expected to be of use in industrial food applications.
ABSTRACT
Approximately 75,000 tonnes of durian seeds are disposed to the environment every year and the amount will continue to increase due to the escalating demand for durians. The long-term accumulation of the wastes will lead to destruction of the ecological environment, and the disposal requires considerable effort. In fact, valuable products including durian seed gum and flour could be processed from the discarded durian seeds and hence, they should not be regarded as wastes. At the same time, the value of food wasted every year exceeds 1 trillion USD, of which 20% is caused by storage or shelf-life issues. After the outbreak of COVID-19, consumers tend to reduce the number of trips required to get fresh foods from the markets. Eventually, storage of larger amount of foods at extended period time is crucial. Thus, safe and effective food preservation materials extracted from these biomasses could potentially help in reducing food wastes. Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) is a green solvent composed of primary metabolites (PRIM). When combined with gum into the form of eutectogel, the characteristics are tunable indicating that the properties of natural durian seed gum can be further improved for specific application. This paper discusses the potential of eutectogels formulated using NADES and durian seed gum for use as food coating. Since the coated gel is edible, potentially low in cost, and strongly sustainable, the food preservation period can be lengthened at higher commercial value.
ABSTRACT
Recent years of research and development have brought frequently used terms for new types of green solvents to the lexicon of scientists. This can lead to terminological inaccuracies. In particular, different names are being used for the same types of solvents: Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES);Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents;Low-Transition Temperature Mixtures;Low-Melting Mixtures. It would, therefore, be appropriate to eliminate certain inaccuracies and to use simplification, which means using the general term “Low-Temperature Transition Mixtures” or introducing the term “DES-like mixtures”.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Olive leaf as an agricultural waste contains valuable bioactive compounds that are mainly used for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Lately the major component, oleuropein, has gained extra attention due to the anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2 that causes Coronavirus disease (Covid-19). In this study, extraction of the bioactive compounds from olive leaves was conducted using a non-conventional and green method. New generation green solvents, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were used in combination with ultrasound assisted extraction. Screening of NADES type, temperature, and particle size were investigated using one-pot-at-a-time method while, NADES amount and liquid-to-solid ratio were optimized using experimental design. The results were evaluated in terms of total polyphenol yield (YTP), total flavonoid yield (YTF) and antiradical activity (AAR). At the optimized conditions, the highest total polyphenol yield and the highest total flavonoid yield were achieved with choline chloride-fructose-water (CFW) (5:2:5) as 187.31 ± 10.3 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 dw and 12.75 ± 0.6 mg apigenin equivalent g-1 dw, respectively. The extracts were also analyzed for oleuropein, caffeic acid and luteolin contents. The highest amount of oleuropein and caffeic acid were extracted by glucose-fructose-water (GFW) (1:1:11) as 1630.80 mg kg-1 dw and 112.77 mg kg-1 dw, respectively. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12649-021-01411-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.